Lord of the Flies Essay -- Literary Analysis, William Golding

Nature or support? An inquiry every now and again posed however difficult to reply or demonstrate. This is the place William Golding steps in. He composes a novel about a gathering of students abandoned on an island, battling to endure. Rather than acting how they have been instructed by society, they transform into a fiasco, separating into discrete gatherings, having festivities to chase pig, and executing one another. In Lord of the Flies, William Golding, roused by The Coral Island and Paradise Lost, shows the genuine idea of individuals in a general public made by kids. The epic, Lord of the Flies, originates from William Golding’s individual encounters. In 1953, Golding asked his better half, Ann, in the event that she figured it would be a smart thought on the off chance that he composed a book about the chaos young men without any guardians would make on an island. She reacted that she preferred the thought, so Golding plunked down and began composing his first novel (Tiger 22). As he began composing this novel, Golding recalled when he had served in the Royal Army during World War II. Those five years instructed Golding what people were really competent and ready to do. They are additionally liable for first fascinating him with regards to the wickedness inside people and boorishness (â€Å"Golding†). Despite the fact that Golding got a considerable lot of his topics from what he had seen, he likewise based his plot from a couple of his past readings. Master of the Flies is viewed as William Golding’s reaction to R.M. Ballantyne’s, The Coral Island. Like Lord of the Flies, Ballantyne’s tale depends on a gathering of young men who get wrecked and end up abandoned on a coral reef island. Despite the fact that, in The Coral Island the young men make the best of the circumstance they are in and lead a cheerful, sorted out life. Golding considers his novel a â€Å"kind of dark mass or sensible perspective on the situation† (Bu... ... disregarding his different ones. In light of this, Golding composed the article â€Å"Fable† to address addresses he got continually (Wood 316). The book likewise â€Å"inspired two movies, was converted into 26 dialects, sold a large number of duplicates, and turned into a standard on school and secondary school perusing lists† (Lambert 317). Additionally, Nigel Williams, an entertainer delivered a dramatic selection from the book. The title of the novel was even used to name the executing or mass homicide of kids (Tiger 23). To summarize everything, in Lord of the Flies, William Golding shows that he has faith in nature over sustain. In spite of the fact that his novel received negative surveys, it ended up being an extremely fruitful novel. Master of the Flies keeps on being renowned and contemplated around the world. His wording, topics, practical perspectives, imagery and composing by and large proceed to draw in and intrigue more perusers to his composition.

Intonation Definition and Examples in Speech

Pitch Definition and Examples in Speech In speech,â intonation is the utilization of changing (rising and falling) vocal pitch to pass on syntactic data or individual mentality. Inflection is especially significant in communicating inquiries in communicated in English. For instance, take the sentence, When does the gathering start? The word start-including the question mark-ascends or comes up in your voice when you express the word, noticed the website English Pronunciation Roadmap. The Musicality of Language Intonationâ is the song or music of a language, says David Crystal, writer of A Little Book of Language. Sound alludes to the manner in which your voice rises and falls as you talk, as in, Its coming down, isnt it? (or on the other hand innit, maybe) In this sentence, youre not so much posing an inquiry: Youreâ tellingâ the audience that its pouring, so you give your discourse a telling tune. The pitch-level of your voice falls and you sound as though you hear what youre saying, and obviously, you do, so youre saying something. In any case, presently envision that youâ dontâ know if its coming down, says Crystal. You think there may be a shower outside, however youre uncertain, so you request that somebody check. You utilize similar words, however the musicality of your voice makes an alternate point, as in, Its coming down, isnt it? Presently youreâ askingâ the individual, so you give your discourse an asking song, says Crystal. The pitch-level of your voice rises, and you sound as though youre posing an inquiry. Pitch and Chunking To get sound, its imperative to appreciate two of its key terms: pitch and chunking. Encyclopaedia Britannicaâ notes that pitch is, the relative height or lowness of a tone as apparent by the ear, which relies upon the quantity of vibrations every second created by the vocal ropes. Everybody has various degrees of the contribute their voice, notes Study.com: Despite the fact that some are progressively inclined to a higher pitch and some to a lower pitch, we would all be able to change our timbre relying upon who we are conversing with and why. Timbreâ refers to theâ quality of sound that recognizes oneâ voice or instrument from another or one vowel sound from another: It is controlled by the music of the sound. Pitch, at that point, alludes to the musicality of your voice and how you utilize that musicality or timbre to pass on importance. Lumping and delaying meanwhileâ packages data for the audience, saysâ the University of Technology (UTS) in Sydney, including that speakers divideâ speechâ into pieces, which might be single words or gatherings of words to impart an idea or thought, or to concentrate on data the speaker believes is significant. UTS gives the accompanying case of piecing: Does it truly make a difference whether individuals talk with an emphasize as long as they can be effortlessly comprehended? This sentence breaks into the accompanying pieces: Does it truly make a difference/whether individuals talk with an emphasize/as long as they can be effortlessly comprehended? / In this model, in each piece, your pitch would be marginally extraordinary to all the more likely pass on your significance to the audience. Your voice, basically, rises and falls in each piece. Kinds of Intonation Another key point about pitch includes the rising and falling of your voice. Similarly as an instrument rises and falls in its tone as a cultivated player makes a tune to pass on a feeling of state of mind, your voice rises and falls in a comparable melodic manner to make a feeling of significance. Take this model from an article by Russell Banks, in an article called Adultery, which was distributed in the April/May 1986 issue of Mother Jones. That is to say, what the heck? Isn't that so? The speakers voice rises and falls in the different lumps in these two brief sentences, as follows; I mean/What the hellfire? /Right? / As the speaker says the principal lump I mean-the voice falls. At that point, during the second expression What the hell?- the voice rises, practically like ascending a melodic stepping stool with each word. The speaker does this to communicate shock. At that point, with one the final word-Right?- the speakers voice climbs much higher, like hitting the elusiveâ high C in music. This is practically similar to pushing the sentence to the audience giving it off maybe so the audience will concur with the speaker. (In the event that the audience doesn't concur, a contention is probably going to follow.) What's more, in the article, the listenerâ doesâ indeed concur with the speaker, by reacting with, Truly, right. The reaction is spoken with falling inflection, as though the audience is surrendering and tolerating the direct of the speaker. Before the finish of the word right, the responders voice has dropped so much its as though the individual is surrendering. Put another way, pitch is the way toward lumping proclamations (and reactions), to convey bundles of significance. For the most part, the underlying proclamation (regularly an inquiry), may rise and fall in tone, yet it by and large ascents toward the end, as the speaker gives the sentence or question to the audience. Furthermore, similarly likewise with a melodic piece that begins discreetly, and crescendos in sound and timber, the tone or sound of the reaction falls as though the responder is carrying the conversation to a tranquil closure, similarly as a tune unobtrusively goes to a delicate completion toward the end.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to Reduce Anxiety

Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) to Reduce Anxiety Panic Disorder Coping Print Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) for Anxiety By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on October 07, 2019  paolomartinezphotography/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is an exercise that anyone can use to alleviate disturbing and disruptive emotional symptoms such as anxiety or insomnia. Like breathing exercises,  visualization, and  yoga, PMR is considered a relaxation technique. Its especially helpful in moments of  high stress or nervousness, and even can help someone get through a  panic attack. History of PMR PMR was developed by an American physician, Edmund Jacobson, in the 1920s. Jacobson noted that regardless of their illness, the majority of his patients suffered from muscle pain and tension. When he suggested that they relax, he noticed that most people didnt seem connected enough to their physical tension to release it. This inspired Jacobson to develop a sequence of steps for tightening and then relaxing groups of muscles. He found this allowed his patients to become more aware of their tension, to learn how to let go of it, and to recognize what it feels like to be in a relaxed state. Since then the technique has been modified many times but all modern variations of PMR are based on Jacobson’s original idea of systematically squeezing and then releasing isolated muscle groups.   How PMR Works PMR works in part by helping to overcome a normal reaction to stress known as the  flight-or-fight response. In evolutionary terms, this reaction developed as a way to help animals survive a threatâ€"either by running away or by meeting the opposition head-on. Over time the flight-or-fight response has become a common reaction to feelings of fear that often are out of proportion with reality. Unfortunately, when its not needed for actual survival, the flight-or-fight reaction tends to bring on many uncomfortable physical symptoms, including accelerated heart rate, sweating, shaking, and shortness of breathâ€"largely the product of an influx of stress hormones. Also, muscle pain, tension, and stiffness are common symptoms brought on by stress and anxiety. Relaxation techniques, including PMR, have the reverse effect on the body, eliciting the relaxation response, lowering heart rate, calming the mind, and reducing bodily tension. PMR also can help a person become more aware of how their physical stress may be contributing to their emotional state. By relaxing the body, a person may be able to let go of anxious thoughts and feelings. PMR Step-by-Step For a quick taste of how PMR works, squeeze one of your fists as hard as you can. Notice how tight your fingers and forearm feel. Count to ten and then release the clinch. Allow your hand to relax completely  and let go of any tension. Let your hand go limp and notice how relaxed it feels now compared to before your clinched your fist.   This methodical approach to increasing and releasing tension throughout your body is the linchpin of PMR: By systematically constricting and releasing various muscle groups it is possible to relieve physical stress and quiet and calm the mind. Here are the steps for one version of PMR that anyone can do. Try it next time youre feeling nervous, anxious, or find yourself tossing, turning, and unable to sleep. Step 1 Get comfortable. You dont have to lie down to do PMR; it will work if youre sitting up in a chair. Do make sure youre in a place thats free of distraction. Close your eyes if that feels best for you. Step 2 Breathe. Inhale deeply through your nose, feeling your abdomen rise as you fill your body with air. Then slowly exhale from your mouth, drawing your navel toward your spine. Repeat three to five times. Step 3 Starting with your feet, tighten and release your muscles. Clench your toes and pressing your heels toward the ground. Squeeze tightly for a few breaths and then release. Now flex your feet in, pointing your toes up towards your head. Hold for a few seconds and then release. Step 4 Continue to work your way up to your body, tightening and releasing each muscle group. Work your way up in this order: legs, glutes, abdomen, back, hands, arms, shoulders, neck, and face. Try to tighten each muscle group for a few breaths and then slowly release. Repeat any areas that feel especially stiff. Step 5   End the practice by taking a few more deep breaths, noting how much more calm and relaxed you feel. PMR is a skill, one that takes practice to master. In order to be able to draw on PMR when you need itâ€"in other words when youre truly in a stressful or anxiety-provoking situationâ€"youll want to learn how to do it while you arent under pressure. Practice PMR several times a week to become aware of what its like to feel relaxed. Understanding this feeling can help you to more readily let go of tension when anxiety rises.

Awe of A Modest Proposal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 1042 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Modest Proposal Essay Did you like this example? In 1729, Jonathon Swift intended on setting the British Isles on fire with his short story A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, or more commonly known as A Modest Proposal. First published anonymously in 1729, A Modest Proposal is an essay that, on the surface, suggests that to in order to ease the country of economic hardships, the Irish should sell their children to the rich as food. Not only does Jonathon Swift challenge the way people viewed satire, Swifts influence would change the genre for future satirists.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Awe of A Modest Proposal" essay for you Create order While the aristocratic Brits and the royalty dined on steak and sipped vintage wines, the poor in Ireland were starving. First published anonymously in 1729, the essay quickly made the rounds of the British elite, some even responding to Swift. In A Modest Proposal, Swift unleashes his anger, not only at the British exploitation of his home country Ireland but at his fellow countrymen who were doing nothing to stop the exploitation as well. The opening paragraph describes the streets of Ireland in a fashion that would make the most rational person not ever want to visit the emerald isle, It is a melancholy object to those, who walk through this great town, or travel in the country, when they see the streets, the roads and cabbin-doors crowded with beggars of the female sex, followed by three, four, or six children, all in rags, and importuning every passenger for an alms. (Puchner, 315), Swift often wrote about how everyone in Ireland was miserable and poor. From there, Swift keeps his attack squarely on the wretched Irish. Meant to light a fire in his countrymen, sadly, his message fell flat with the Irish and a century later the country would be struck with the potato famine, losing many Irish in the process. While his message fell on deaf ears in his home country, the aristocrats found it to be quite humorous. Lord Bathhurst responded to Swift with an equal amount of satire and humor, The more I think upon this scheme, the more reasonable it appears to me; and it ought by no means to be confined to Ireland; for, in all probability, we shall, in a very little time, be altogether as poor here as you are there. (Swift, 316). Despite his countrymens lack of inspiration and the people he was lampooning finding humor in his words, the essay was a commercial success, as well as a lasting success. Social and political satire was nothing new when Swift published A Modest Proposal. But what makes Swifts essay powerful and lasting is the painstaking detail that he uses, as well as his inspiration for his work. In the 1700s, political pamphleteering was a popular way to people to get their voices heard regarding any political or social situations. Short essays regarding economics or political protests were passed out or sold to the people walking the streets, we see this today with organizations fighting the powerful corporations. Swift used the popular political pamphlets as a framework for his proposal. Swift follows the style and method of the pamphlet; the intention was that reader would take the intended message seriously. Inside, the reader would find grand statistics about how many people have children, how many of those survive, and how many should be eaten, the remaining hundred thousand may, at a year old, be offered in sale to the persons of quality and fortune, through the kingdom, always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month, so as to render them plump, and fat for a good table (Puchner, 316). These kinds of statistics made the essay seem not only legitimate, but it also showed that Swift had seriously thought this out, which gives the essay a grim feel. In addition to the statistics, Swift also appeals to the readers emotions by tossing in an Americans expertise on the subject, I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed, is, at a year old, a most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled; and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricasie, or a ragoust. (Puchner, 316). By adding the expert opinion of an American, it helps legitimize the essay, we were the savages of the developed world, people might have thought this to be a serious essay. Another aspect of the essay that helps make it legitimate is in the last paragraph, Swift says that he cant make any money of this, because his children are too old to be sold, so by this, the reader is reminded of the authors sincerity. Swifts influence could be felt in literature, and beyond. In literature, his influence can be seen in books like The Innocents Abroad by Mark Twain, or works by T.S. Eliot. The lasting effect of Swifts satire and parody can be seen today in television shows like The Colbert Report, The Daily Show, and Last Week Tonight. In The Colbert Show, the show that Swift has the most obvious influence, the host Stephen Colbert, satirized the far-right talking heads like Bill OReilly or Geraldo Rivera, by taking their self-important ego driven shows and turning it into a joke. He would deliver the news, but like OReilly or Rivera, it would be with a hard-right stance, and behind him would be images of eagles and waving flags. Jonathan Swifts political satire is a direct influence on todays television shows like The Colbert Report and The Daily Show. While A Modest Proposal might not have been the powder keg explosion that Jonathan Swift had hoped for, but in the long run, his influence is apparent in todays culture. Take a look at any comment section on a news article or a YouTube video and you are reminded of the biting satire of Jonathan Swift, though the words might not be as smart as Jonathan Swifts were. Not only did Jonathon Swift challenge the way people viewed satire by parodying the look and framework of political pamphlets of the day, Swifts influence would change the genre for future satirists.

The Success Of The American Revolution - 1328 Words

The thirteen American colonies wanted to be free from rule by Great Britain. Freedom would make it possible to create a new kind of government without a king. In the democracy envisioned by the country s earliest leaders, Americans would govern themselves based on certain principles or ideals. Few people at the time thought that the American Revolution would succeed and the Americans could win a war against the world s greatest empire. At the beginning of the war, there was no regular American army, just a militia made up of civilians-and most of them were farmers. Naturally, they were not used to long campaigns or battles with British Regulars, and thousands quit. General Washington begged the Continental Congress to provide a regular army of men enlisted for a long term, but Congress felt that step would violate civil liberties. It was only after so many American defeats threatened the war effort that Congress agreed to offer extra pay to officers and privates and pledged to see t he war to an end. By 1775, tension between the colonies and the mother country had reached the breaking point. British troops in Boston learned that the colonists had hidden a large collection of weapons in nearby Concord. Sons of Liberty Paul Revere and William Dawes rode to warn of the impending British attack by way of the Charles River; the most direct route. Just as the sun was rising on April 19, 1775, British soldiers reached Lexington. Eight Minutemen were killed and several othersShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of The American Revolution1633 Words   |  7 PagesVolumes of scholastic literature, circulated history books, and an array of multiple sources acknowledge Frances’ contributory role in the success of the American Revolution. 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As for the American Revolution, Benjamin Franklin influenced and created a huge contribution in his politics, scientifical research, andRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution1140 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the beginning of time all organisms have been completing and it has been survival of the fittest. From the founding of Jamestown, Britain was evolving to survive as an empire by establishing colonies that were abused. This lead to The American R evolution which was inevitably arisen from three major problems: power, glory, and greed. These problems were express through many methods such as taxation, war and laws. Since 1660 British Parliament had controlled continental trade and taxes inRead MoreThe Success Of The American Revolution881 Words   |  4 Pagestotalitarian monarchy of England who continuously taxed them. The American colonies wanted their freedom from England because they no longer had a say in England’s government, but were still forced to follow its laws. Thomas Jefferson, the head of the committee to later drafted America’s demand for freedom, went so far as to call England an â€Å"absolute tyranny.† Americans knew their break from England would lead to a war—the American Revolution—but continued to up rise. This lead to many revolts and finallyRead MoreAmerican Militia Success During The American Revolution1383 Words   |  6 PagesJoe Taglienti 11/4/15 Hague Senior Seminar The American Militia Success during the American Revolution The American Revolution marked the beginning of a new era for America, independence from Great Britain. The greatest military power in the world at the time had lost control of one of her most wealthy and rewarding colonies. However, a question arises to who won the war for the colonies? George Washington was the leader of the Continental Army during the war and was mildly successful. However itRead MoreIndustrialization Of The Second Industrial Revolution1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Second Industrial Revolution, which reached its peak during 1870 to 1914, marked a significant turning point in American history. Before this era of progression and industrial excellence, America was on the verge of expansion like never before. From the vast amounts of land gained through the Annexation of Texas in 1845, the British retreating from Oregon in 1846, and the Mexican cession of Southwest territory guaranteed by the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848, (Engelman) America was ableRead MoreRe volution Dbq1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolution was affected before the war commenced.   The Revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people...This radical change in the principles, sentiments, and affections of the people was the real American Revolution.   Explain the meaning of this 1818 statement by John Adams (referring to the Revolutionary era) and assess its validity. Philosophical words, Once Again In a letter to Hezekiah Niles on February 3rd of 1818 John Adams, once again, spoke his mighty, philosophical wordsRead MoreComparing the French Revolution and the American Revolution Essay example857 Words   |  4 Pages The French and American revolutions are both very significant in the world’s history. The American Revolution happened first, around the last half of the 18th century where the Thirteen Colonies became the United States of America, and gained independence from the British Empire. The French revolution on the other hand, was from 1789 until the turn of the century 1799. For the French people this was a period of political and social turmoil. The idea of Enlightenment stuck a large populationRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution wa s the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the newRead MoreHistory : The American Revolution1442 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral quality, which was strongly held in the people’s hearts in America, and it consequently spread to other countries in the world. It is believed that American Revolution was the most important chapter in human history just because it was their action that made the ideals of liberty, equality, and justice to materialize. The American Revolution had a very big significance worldwide as it changed the world not by removing and altering of power in any of the states but by the appearance of the new

All Is Well in the Land of the King Free Essays

All is Well in Land of â€Å"The Lion King† In the article, All’s Not Well in Land of â€Å"The Lion King,† by Margaret Lazarus, the author over exaggerates an animated classic, investigating as to whether or not the movie is politically correct and morally right. The essay examines and stereotypes the movie, and comes to various misguided conclusions. Lazarus defines the hyenas and the lion, Scar symbolic, and declares that Disney already has gays and blacks ruining the â€Å"natural order. We will write a custom essay sample on All Is Well in the Land of the King or any similar topic only for you Order Now She also draws to the conclusion that Disney manipulates small children’s minds; encouraging them to believe that â€Å"Only those born into privilege can bring about change† (pg. 440) Lazarus is constantly searching for the underlying meaning throughout the movie, and fails to enjoy it. After a complete analysis of the movie she fails to understand the central idea of the movie. She then proceeds to mock the concept of a young heir to the crown to fighting and standing up for what is rightfully and morally his. She maintains that the movie â€Å"The Lion King† is a metaphor for our society, suggesting that the nation only supports the concept that only the strong do survive in the world. So often a carefree animated tale is scrutinized and psychoanalyzed, and the pureness and innocence are stripped away from it. I fully disagree with Lazarus. â€Å"The Lion King,† was a wonderful, original animation that, broke the Disney stereotyped classics, of a hero that saves a beautiful girl in distress. â€Å"The Lion King,† features a story of doing the right thing, learning to fight for what is right, to stand up for yourself and what you believe in. The Lion King,† is an animation, to over analyze in such a fashion as Margaret Lazarus does, is ridiculous and a shame. Lazarus is seeking too much meaning out of this simple tale. The cartoons main purpose is to entertain, not to set all the things wrong in the world right. It is impossible and absurd to suggest that young c hildren’s minds are being corrupted by Disney movies. â€Å"The Lion King† is a cartoon. Children cannot understand the underlying meanings of gays and blacks, they just want to laugh and enjoy themselves. How to cite All Is Well in the Land of the King, Papers

Different Structures of Market-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.How market structures determine the pricing and output decisions of the Business. 2.How market forces shape Organizational responses. 3.How Coca-Cola responds to changes in the external environment. Answers: 1.Different structures of market exist in different economies, sectors or goods. This explains why there exist a different kind of pricing and output decisions. Except in perfectly competitive markets, output and pricing decisions depend on each other (Hardison 2011). This is because a business firm operating in the perfectly competitive market is very small and the market cannot have an impact on pricing decisions. In this type of market, the business has little control over the price and thus it uses the prices given and decides on the quantity to supply. In such kind of market the prices and the marginal cost are equal (Rodgers, 2017). In the perfect competition market structure several factors determine the pricing of goods and services. One of these factors is the equilibrium between demand and supply, perishability of the goods. According to Rodgers, (2017) in the a monopoly market the company change the price since it is the only one providing the goods and services and thus h as total control over the market. In this this type of market the output and pricing decision can be determined by the demand in the market. Therefore, when the demand is high the prices are low and when the demand is low the prices are high. The oligopoly market structure pricing and output depends on the relationships that exist among different firms. A business structure is mainly determined by the number of buyers and sellers in the market. 2.Market forces refer to the forces of demand and supply affecting the price and quantity of items operations in organizations hence focus trying to understand, predict and at times influence the demand for their services or products. The organization will work on the affected prices ensuring that there is a benefit in such an impact (Herring 2016). When the demand is high for a product, the organization increases the prices in line with the demand, which increases the equilibrium price. In this case, the supply is assumed to be constant. When the supply is higher than the demand, the organization required to reduce the prices maintaining or increasing their revenues and guarantee profitability and in this case assuming that the demand is constant (Buschi 2013). According to Buschi (2013), a product or a service may be viewed and perceived differently by different customers. There is a big deviation from what service provider and a marketer intended with a product or a service to a customer. This has a great effect in todays attention economy where everybody is informed than ever before. Due to the many differences, the organizations develops a strong relationship between customers and the company which is no longer based on features like price and quality alone. It is focusing on how fast, efficient, and reliable the process is. That makes or breaks the relationship. 3.According to Free, 2016, Coca-Cola is the leading soft drink producer and supplier in the whole world. There are many restrictions and regulations related to the supply of the soft drinks. PESTLE analysis of the company can be used to illustrate how Coca-Cola responds to the external environment. Political factors The Food and Drug Administration in the US is an agency with the responsibility of protecting and promoting public health by controlling and supervising the food safety and drug products (US Food and Drug Administration 2012). The agency formulates regulations and laws to control the quality of foods. Coca-Cola, therefore, must meet the regulations to continue supplying its products. Economic factors Coca-Cola has a wide range of products which are supplied in the market worldwide. Considering the diverse tastes, cultures, customs, and desires of the customers the company produces a wide range of brands with different flavors to accommodate or the customers (Regassa Corradino 2011). Social factors Coca-Colas products are designed to meet the demands of different cultures for instance in the US the people are in need of healthier products, and the company has started replacing sugary products with water and tea (Frue 2016). Technological factors Coca-Cola uses modern technology in manufacturing its products to produces higher quality and quantity of goods. The company extensively utilizes modern technology such as social media to advertise its products. Legal factors. Coca-Cola ensures that all its products are patented so as to retain its business rights. Environmental factors The production process of Coca-Cola is highly influenced by the availability of water. Any change in climate that may affect water availability may be detrimental to the production process of the company and may lead huge losses. The company, therefore, has to adhere to environmental laws in its production process (Frue 2016) References Buschi, H. 2013, Market Forces: How do market forces shape organizational responses?. Prezi. Available at: https://prezi.com/nek6xqaod29_/market-forces/ Frue, K. 2016, PESTLE analysis of Coca-Cola. Intuit Quick Books. Available at: https://pestleanalysis.com/pestle-analysis-of-coca-cola/ Hardison, K. 2011, How do market structures determine the pricing decisions of businesses? eNotes. Available at: https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/how-market-structures-determine-pricing-decisions-290148 Herring, K. 2016, How do market forces shape organizational responses? Why does it happen so? Available at: https://www.quora.com/How-do-market-forces-shape-organisational-responses-Why-does-it-happen-so Regassa, H., Corradino, L. 2011, Determining the value of the coca cola company a case analysis.Journal of The International Academy For Case Studies,17(7), 105-110. Rogers, V. 2017, How to Determine Price in Each Market Structure in Terms of Maximizing Profit. Chron Articles. Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/determine-price-market-structure-terms-maximizing-profit-29061.htmlUS Food and Drug Administration. 2012, FDA Overview.

High School of Virtual Learning Environment

Rationale and Focus of the Research This study intends to understand the collaborative learning in Saudi Arabia high schools. Several studies, carried out elsewhere, shows this system of learning to be common, but the system is new in Saudi Arabia. The aim will be to see incorporation of the system, the opportunities, and the challenges faced while using Virtual Learning Environment. The literature talks of the need to incorporate e-learning in schools to ensure smooth, global learning. This study seeks to find out the level of incorporation of e-learning in Saudi Arabia. People’s attitude towards e-learning will also be evaluated, and ways to improve e-learning must be suggested. Literature review Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) Virtual Learning Environment is a common term in education and is currently part of the teaching process. Some other countries such as Saudi Arabia and Australia use different terms for Virtual Learning Environment. These terms include Learning Management Systems (LMS), Online Learning Centers (OLC), Course Management Systems (CMS), and Learning Platforms (LP). However, most people fail to differentiate between VLEs and MLEs, yet they are two different systems.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on High School of Virtual Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More MLEs cover a wide area as compared to VLEs. It covers an entire organization, learning, and administration whereas VLEs refer to educational facilities. Virtual Learning Environment refers to an online system of learning, which offers interactive activities. It takes place between the instructors and students (Barnawi, 2009, p. 56). Other support tools are also in place to ensure the students’ progress. The system, initially designed to support distance learning seems common in learning institutions including secondary and high schools. It has now been possible for many people to access education who could not have accessed it were it, not for e-learning. Education systems have been transformed and many institutes are incorporating these technological changes. Collaborative learning environments are supported by asynchronous communication. This happens by offering emails, announcements, discussion boards, and forums. Users of Virtual Learning Environments include the administrator, student or the instructor. Each of these users has different functions in using VLEs. Those institutions that have successfully used VLEs fully enjoy the benefits that come along with the systems. Adaptation is also easy in that most users adapt easily to using VLEs. Incorporation of Virtual Learning Environments Global education is quickly embracing technology use in order to access many people across the globe. A number of institutions fully embrace Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) in delivering educational materials. However, Virtual Learning Environments in Saudi Arabia is considered new. In fact, many colleges in Saudi Arabia are yet to incorporate Virtual Learning Environment for distance learning programs. The reason for this is that it would be too expensive for the high schools to obtain licenses, maintain technical support, and customize the programs. There is an immediate need to incorporate VLEs in Saudi Arabia to replace the classroom learning. Virtual Learning Environment has proved to demand much time and programming skills in the developing countries (Baskerville Robb, 2005, p. 139). Moodle could be the only cheap source software since it is free. High schools should, therefore, focus on Moodle as it would create opportunities for online communities, teachers, and students. Eventually this leads to the creation of social knowledge management in high schools within Saudi Arabia. In Saudi Arabia, values such as social harmony, authority and respect to the elders as well as teachers still exist in the academic settings.Advertising L ooking for proposal on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They believe that this will lead to success. Limited interaction exists between the two groups due to the gap between the old and the young. Debates occur rarely, and this has significantly affected students since they cannot assess themselves properly and cannot monitor their language skills. They also have little motivation to learn outside the classrooms (Dillenbourg, 2007, p. 11). Moodle Moodle offers effective e-learning as it emphasizes on social constructionist educational approach. The system is flexible, and administrators can easily incorporate it in their classrooms depending on their cultural, social, political, and linguistic needs. This system also transforms the traditional pedagogy, which was teacher centered to a different pedagogy, dialogic learner centered. All learning resources are also available in Moodle learning system. It also allows for join t research projects among different institutions. This system offers reliable, quality, accountable, accurate, and greater communication to the users; hence maintaining standards. However, the system poses certain challenges. For example, some issues are quite technical and usually require a high level of computer skills, which most teachers do not possess. Teachers also fear facing these challenges, and this could be yet another reason as to why they do not incorporate Virtual Learning Environment (Stephen, 2004,p 31). Moodle can be used by the teachers, to prepare lessons, assignments, among others. Passwords would be necessary to avoid manipulation of their work. Moodle ensures that the teachers are updated on when the students upload their assignments and the duration taken by a student to complete an assignment. This is possible because Moodle keeps automatic reports. It would also be possible to restrict assignment access when the deadline passes. Students can also check how t hey perform on an excel sheet once the teacher has marked the assignment. This system increases effectiveness, reliability and accuracy for both students and teachers. Teachers can choose any resource materials to use when using Moodle in passing instructions. For example, they can decide to use PowerPoint, flash applications, video, audio, graphics, and text, among others. All these can be obtained from the internet. Schools should, therefore, be encouraged to join Moodle online community. The users remain updated through interacting, participating, sharing of experiences, interests and needs. An advantage occurs in that this interaction helps an individual to think both locally and globally leading to success (Carla, 2002, p. 303). Research questions Does this high school effectively use Visual Learning Environment (VLE)? Should visual Learning Environment be limited to distance learning? What are the opportunities of using VLE in high schools? What are the challenges of using VL E in high schools? What do students think of Visual Learning Environment? Methodology Ontology and Epistemology The approach here will be that the world is rapidly changing, and the use of e-learning has become increasingly influential. Many countries have embraced this form of learning, but Saudi Arabia is lagging behind in incorporating system such as Virtual Learning Environments.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on High School of Virtual Learning Environment specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a country like UK, most schools, in fact, 68% of the schools use Virtual Learning Environments systems. It would be necessary if the same happened to developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. In this country, the system is only being applied in a few institutions of higher learning with the rest sticking to the old classroom teaching. The culture of Saudi Arabia could be contributing substantially to this in that they believe in having an adult directing the students. This needs to change so that Saudi Arabia as a country is not left behind in terms of technology use. School administrators must understand the importance of technology and encourage their students to use it in classrooms as well as outside the classrooms. The researcher shall visit one of Saudi Arabia’s high schools in order to collect data. The researcher will take a period of 4 weeks to carry out this research. He will take an objective stance towards this social research. The research will be a positive one in that the researcher will gather facts that will help him draw a conclusion. The researcher will carry out the research with certain ideas in his mind and expectations of what to find out. He will base his research on research that has been carried out previously by other researchers. He will also base his research on the knowledge he has as regards Saudi Arabia’s learning system. He will, however, avoid impo rting his thoughts to other people. Therefore, qualitative data will be obtained by use of semi-structured interviews. This will help him obtain original data from the respondents. He will also understand how students and teachers view Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The research will end by the researcher asking open-ended questions on people’s perception of VLE. The researcher will take a more interpretive approach. Purpose This study aims at investigating and determining the collaborative learning in Saudi’s Arabia High School of Virtual Learning Environment. The data collected will help in understanding the level of incorporation of Virtual Learning Environment in Saudi Arabia’s high schools. The advantages and disadvantages of Virtual Learning Environment shall also be discovered from the teachers and students. Finally, the researcher shall come up with conclusion and recommendations at the end, which could help improve the level of incorporation of Vir tual Learning Environment in Saudi Arabia’s high schools. The country needs to accept e-learning as it has proved beneficial in other countries. That is why the researcher has found it necessary to investigate on this matter.Advertising Looking for proposal on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Design This study shall investigate the collaborative learning in Saudi Arabia high school of Virtual Learning Environment. It will include 15 participants, 2 administrators, 8 teachers and 5 students from the high school. The fifteen participants will be included sufficiently in this research, and their ideas shall be taken seriously since they will have been informed on the importance of this research. This research can be done in several institutions, but for personal and convenience reasons, I have chosen this high school. Having some understanding of Saudi Arabia high school, I am confident that I will get the required information. This high school is one of the few high schools in Saudi Arabia, which have incorporated e-learning in their system of education. These people will be chosen randomly, which will help avoid bias. Other people will also be interviewed in order to triangulate the collected data, a very important thing in any case study. Semi structured interviews, as w ell as observations, shall be used. Students will be interviewed to get to know their level of understanding in Virtual Learning Environment. The researcher shall observe the school activities, which shall include the use of technology in learning within the high school. This will also help collect primary data and facts. Indeed, observation method would lead to a more reliable data as the researcher observes what is on the ground. Associations and patterns will also be observed. This will help know the similarities and differences, which will form the basis for exploratory aspect of research purpose. The researcher will also try to understand the advantages and disadvantages of Visual Learning Environment from the teachers, and students’ perspective. A deeper case study could be necessitated in case some of the respondents prove engaging in any reason. Strategy The researcher will use qualitative and quantitative strategies. Empirical methods will also be applied. Collaborat ive learning in Saudi Arabia high school of Virtual Learning Environment will be thoroughly evaluated. Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment (Moodle) will be considered as well, being the most adaptable and flexible system in learning management. Listening to teachers and students through the interview will be beneficial in coming to a conclusion. Qualitative assessment of both teachers and students will also be useful. Questionnaires will be distributed to the participating students. On the other hand, teachers will be given semi structured interviews to determine their stand on collaborative learning in Virtual Learning Environment. Assessments will also be administered to the students to determine their level of knowledge, and understanding of Virtual Learning Environment. This will help show if there will be any correlation with what the teachers will have told us (Youn, 2007, p. 63). Methods This research will be conducted using different methods. Semi structure d interviews will be administered to the high school teachers and administrators. This will help to determine the incorporation and understanding of Virtual Learning Environment in Saudi Arabia High Schools. Opportunities and challenges of using Moodle will also be determined. A follow up questionnaire will also be used by the researcher. This is where he will be recording, on a scale, the key factors’ weighting. There will also be another questionnaire to evaluate the administrators and teachers’ assessment of Virtual Learning Environment in the high school. Secondary research will also be necessary to see how students perform and participate in visual learning environment, during the period by which I will be carrying out this research. This will help the researcher to know the quality of this learning. Semi structured interviews with the students will also be a different method to be used by the researcher. The researcher will, therefore, be able to determine studen ts’ perspective of this learning. The researcher will later transcribe the semi structured interviews, and analyze them by use of content analysis. This will help the researcher to be systematic and at the same time objective in order to produce data, which is quantitative. Analysis will also be done by use of SPSS in order to get any correlation or connections. In order for the researcher to obtain connections, he will apply cross tabulation. Questions that could raise eye brows will be avoided by the researcher as this could affect the way they respond to the questions in the questionnaires. He intends that the interview will be open so that the content will come from the participants themselves. Interviews will be conducted first, followed by the questionnaires (Lepori, 2003, p. 62). Validity and reliability The researcher intends to have several evidence sources. He will also have experts who will review the draft of his case study. He will try his best to ensure validit y of the data. To do this, the researcher will use reasons proposed by other researchers regarding choice, external appearance and nearness. He will assess them by use of enough evidence. Generalization will be limited to the case study as much as possible in order to ensure external validity. Hence, this research speaks about Virtual Leaning Environment in Saudi Arabia high schools. The researcher intends to document all the procedure that will be followed in the case study. This will help ensure reliability of the data. He also intends to listen carefully to the respondents. Another way to ensure reliability will be avoiding his personal interpretations of what the respondents will be telling him. He will avoid any kind of bias and will look at any evidence, which could be contradictory. Finally, the researcher will be objective while looking and interpreting the data (Miller, Vandome McBrewster, 2010, p. 34). Ethics BERA guidelines will be used by the researcher which includes h aving an informed consent and ensuring voluntary participation of the respondents. Before starting the research, he will tell the participants the reasons as to why they are participating and the aim of the research he will be conducting. Confidentiality and privacy of the respondents will also be maintained at all costs. The researcher will also avoid subterfuge or deception. He will also respect the right of the participants to withdraw from participating in the case study any time they wish. Participants will also be informed of this right. To ensure good ethics, the researcher does not intend to use incentives as this could be problematic, and could create bias. Some researchers have been found to use incentives such as alcohol and cigarettes, with the intention of making the youth participate in the research. This is why the researcher has decided not to use any kind of incentives (Goba, 2004, p. 76). Outcomes The researcher expects certain outcomes by the end of this case stud y. He expects to know the level of Virtual Learning Environments in Saudi Arabia High schools. Other outcomes shall include the advantages and disadvantages of using Virtual Learning Environments in learning. He will also understand the perspective of the administrators, students, and teachers when it comes to using VLEs. This study will eventually help to come up with a VLE system that will fit Saudi’s needs. Expectations are that VLEs are beneficial, but teachers and students face several challenges while learning using VLEs. A system that will overcome these challenges will be put in place to ensure smooth e-learning. Limitations Limitations will be experienced given that this is a case study involving some aspects of survey. The results obtained from this high school shall be generalized to represent all the high schools in Saudi Arabia. Generalization may not be accurate since some other schools could be holding different views regarding Virtual Learning Environments. Th e challenges faced by one school may not be the challenges faced by the other high schools in Saudi Arabia. References Barnawi, O 2009, The Internet and EFL Instruction: A Small-Scale Study of EFL College Teachers’ Reactions, International Journal of Instructional Technology  and Distance Learning, 9(12), 47-64. Baskerville, B Robb, T 2005, Using Moodle for teaching business English in a CALL environment, Pac ALL Journal, 5(3), 138-151. Carla, M 2000, Technology and Second Language Learning, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum. Dillenbourg, P 2007, Flexibility in Micro Scripts for Computer Supported Collaborative  Learning, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Goba, S 2004, Online Course Material Interoperability and tutorial Module for Moodle, Cape Town: University of Cape Town. Lepori, B 2003, The introduction of e-Learning in European universities: models and  strategies, New York: Duisburg. Miller, F, Vandome, A, McBrewster, J 2010, Virtual Learning Environment, New Yo rk: VDM Publishing House Ltd. Stephen, R 2004, The Study of Discourse beyond Language and Culture, Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. Youn, E 2007, The effectiveness of a virtual learning environment on student learning  about clinical skills, New York: ProQuest. This proposal on High School of Virtual Learning Environment was written and submitted by user Charlie Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fallacy Summary and Application Paper

Fallacy Summary and Application Paper IntroductionThis paper is going to show you three fallacies. A fallacy is a falsenotion or a statement or an argument based on a false or invalid inference.If an argument contains a fallacy, then the conclusion will not necessarily be proven. Some fallacies are just accidental, but they can also be used to trap a listener or reader into believing faulty conclusions (A. Stephen Richardson, unknown, para. 2). This paper will describe three logical fallacies and give an example of each.Red HerringThis type of fallacy is used when you want to switch the subject from the original question and then state that the original question is irrelevant because of the new subject. The history behind the name of this fallacy is interesting. The name originates from a technique used to train English Foxhouds. (McGraw-Hill Co. 2002) I think a fantastic example of this fallacy is:"Honey, does my butt look fat in these jeans?" says a man's wife.English: Created by Benedict Spearritt using the a..."Wow d ear, your hair is really beautiful! And those earrings are a knockout!" replies the man.Many men can relate to this very fallacy, I know I can. In this example a subject is asked or under discussion, then to avoid the ever-powerful trap of the woman the man changes the subject to avoid the question. (Trap) In doing so the man has introduced another subject to lour the woman away from her original question. Then the first subject is dropped avoiding a horrific argument.How critical thinking is applied in this example is: What does the wife want to hear? What is the politically correct answer? If the husband states the truth it could mean a night full of arguing. If the husband tells a lie to save himself, then he also saves himself from the argument...

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy Term Paper

Biblical Theme of Justice, Love, Fidelity, Mercy - Term Paper Example The Old Testament narrates events that occurred during the time of Abraham, Moses, and the lives of Israelites. The common bible has 66 books written by various authors, at a different period influenced by the Holy Spirit. It is reputable that the bible is the most sold manuscript in the historical world compared to other literary books. Justice, fidelity, love and mercy are core themes found in the bible and are discussed aptly. Old Testament God is just and desires man to practice integrity according to his guidance and instructions. He wants justice to be practiced in interpersonal relations among the populace. Justice refers to policies and set of laws that bind the society mutually in the Old Testament. The laws in testament are aimed at bringing harmony and love among people. Justice is viewed as liberation when the Israelites were liberated from the repression of slavery in Egypt (Groody, 33) Justice is depicted when God made a covenant with the Israelites after rescuing them from oppression and taking them to Promised Land. "’(The Egyptians) made the people of Israel serve with rigour and made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and brick, and in all kinds of work in the field; in all their work they made them serve with rigour’ (Exodus 1: 13-14).† (The Irish Commission for Justice, & Peace, 4)... The term ‘Yahweh the liberator’ is common in Old Testament since he is responsible in assisting the demoralized, and defenseless in society. They were overworked for a period in anticipating that God would come to their rescue and deliver them from subjugation. According to the Old Testament, a person cannot be just when relating to the covenant made amid man and God (Groody, 33). The covenant required Israelites to be just by assisting the oppressed and deprived. Justice significantly emphasizes on quality of human relation rather than the social power and person’s rights. The relationship existing amid individuals should be guided by covenant’s qualities such as steadfast, love, mercy and faithfulness. Amusingly, Israelites perceived a ‘just’ person as an individual who is well off and lives a comfortable life. The continuity in the development of the theme is seen in the story of Job, whose life experience teaches people that justice is appr eciating good things in life and the ability to be aware that everything in existence is a gift from God. Prophet Zephaniah and Jeremiah esteemed the poor in the society since they were perceived as the chosen instrument in God’s implementation of justice. The act of justice by the Israelites is the basis of Israel’s faith. God is referred to as the ‘God of Covenant’ since he rejects worship that prohibits the significance and practice of justice. Consequently, for a Christian to be perceived as redeemer of the subjugated, he/she has to observe the duties critically (Groody, 32). New Testament Justice should prevail in society, and individuals should learn to be understanding and caring to be perceived justly. A ‘just’ person lives in accordance to the covenant way of life

Master of Criminal Justice for subjuct ( 7022CCJ Research, Evaluation Essay

Master of Criminal Justice for subjuct ( 7022CCJ Research, Evaluation & Policy Analysis ) - Essay Example In the preference of drug related crimes, the consideration that rehabilitation will do right for individuals than jail time. When an individual commits a drug related crime and serves a jail time the difficulties in the jail will not prevent the individual from doing future crimes. They will in turn push the individual to revert to the same acts that led to the crime. Dean (1990) argues that rehabilitation assists the individual blend back to society. The consideration associated with rehabilitation is that when one goes through incarceration the criminal record will hinder the individual from obtaining employment and, therefore, revert to the crimes. While incarceration secludes the offender from the society in order to reform, the individual rehabilitation ensures that the offender is functioning in the society while at the same instance assisting the offender cope with the problems (Glen et al, 2011, p.150). According to Douglas (2005), rehabilitation is effective to young offend ers who have drug related offences. This is because jail cannot change them, rehabilitation deals with drug-correlated offences by addressing the social ill that cause the crime. On the other hand, prisons address only the offence and leave the cause of the problem unaddressed and upon completion the person who committed the offence does not benefit because at the end of the jail term the problem still exists, and the problem remains unresolved and there is a high likelihood of reverting to the same. In rehabilitation, the individuals are not only detoxification but also counseling and education. In order for the program, to be effective the rehabilitation program should be specific and in accordance to the individuals required treatment. Rehabilitation takes the belief that each problem has a different perspective and that it receives attention in order to make the system effective. The desired effect of a rehabilitation program is

Design of Phenomenological Research

Design of Phenomenological Research This is a philosophical movement concerned with the study of conscious experience, from the point of view of the first person (Moran, 2000). There is emphasis on the intentionality of experience – that is, the idea that conscious experience is directed towards some phenomena, rather than being merely aimless. Such purposefulness is usually contained in the meaning that the first person ascribes to his or her experience. Human experience is said to be conscious, meaning that we are somehow usually aware of an experience as it is happening, as opposed to for example Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic view in which experience isn’t always conscious. Conscious experience is defined in broad terms, incorporating a wide range of factors including sensation, perception, objects, events, time, self, others, space, sequence, emotion, logic, and so on, with particular emphasis on the meanings of these experiences (two individuals may have exactly the same experience, yet attac h completely different meanings). Historically, phenomenology has been a fragmented philosophy, with numerous variations emerging and becoming established especially since the early part of the 20th century, deriving from works of philosophers like Martin Heidegger, Jean-Paul Satre, Edmund Husserl, G.W.F Hegel, Max Scheler, and others. The basic tradition of Anglo-Saxon European philosophy as we know it has been dominated by phenomenology throughout the last century, and currently provides the philosophical basis for a major part of clinical studies, usually subsumed under the heading of qualitative research. EXPERIMENTAL (SCIENTIFIC) APPROACH Scientific experimentation forms part of the wider traditional positivist doctrine, developed by Auguste Comte during the early part of the nineteenth century (Coolican, 1994). Positivism dictates that only phenomena that can be quantified and measured, are worthy of scientific experimentation. Emerging from this philosophy is the hypothetico-deductive doctrine, which entails making observations, developing theories, formulating and testing predictions from those theories, and modifying or supporting the theory accordingly. This procedure is what many researchers refer to as the ‘scientific method’. Experimentation is often regarded as the ‘gold standard’ in scientific (clinical) research. It entails the deliberate manipulation of variables under controlled conditions, in order to establish causality, and important factor in clinical settings. Control is achieved primarily by random allocation of participants to conditions, effectively distributing any diffe rences between people evenly across the conditions, and hence ‘balancing things out’. Many experiments are also conducted in a controlled environment, such as laboratory. Experimentation is underpinned by a number of assumptions, including the idea that people can be isolated from their social environment and treated as a group rather than as individuals. Furthermore, it is possible for the researcher to remain objective, remaining distant from the subject and hence having no influence on their behaviour. RESEARCH METHODS Aims and Objectives Phenomenological research is exploratory, seeking to understand people’s conscious experiences through that persons’ own viewpoint, what ever it may be. By contrast experimentation focuses on testing specific hypotheses, which have usually been selected by the researcher, hence reflecting the researchers own perspectives, rather than those of the participant. For example, take the case of a patient who has recently being diagnosed as anorexic. She is receiving treatment but there is a need for research to establish whether the treatment is having the desired effect. Phenomenology will focus on the patient’s own conscious experience of anorexia and recovery, and the meaning she attaches to these experiences. For example, the individual may view anorexia as a devastating experience with feel that she is not recovering despite her treatment. The whole experience may have created a sense of revulsion about her condition and pessimism about the recovery. The phenomenologist will try to explore – to use Husserls Greek terms her â€Å"noesis† or intentional act of consciousness (e.g. her beliefs and feelings) and †Å"noematic†, meaning the object or phenomena (anorexia, recovery). By contrast, the experimenter will aim to test hypotheses that the treatment is or isn’t effective in eliciting recovery, which will be appraised in quantifiable terms, such as changes in body-mass index, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. Given the different aims/objectives (i.e. exploration, hypothesis testing), the experimenter and phenomenologist could arrive at completely different conclusions. For example, the patient may feel and believe they are not getting better albeit experimental (medical) parameters suggest otherwise. Research Questions Hypotheses Phenomenological questions typically exploratory, asking how an individual has consciously experienced a phenomenon, such as illness or disease. There are no hypotheses. The question can take any one of several forms, depending on the area of phenomenology. For example, existential phenomenology will inquire about the persons’ experience of free choice (e.g. in selecting their treatment), generative phenomenology will explore the meaning of the phenomena to the individual with reference to historical factors (e.g. the way a disease has historically been interpreted in their society), while a transcendental phenomenology will ask about the person’s conscious experiences completely excluding questions about the external environment (e.g. how the disease is experienced, regardless the hospital environment, treatments, and other external factors). Experimental questions are often more precise, asking whether there is a relationship between two or more variables. The questio n is usually accompanied by testable hypotheses, which specify whether or not a relationship exists and the direction (i.e. positive or negative) of the relationship. So, for example the experimenter will ask whether a particular intervention will cure the illness, accompanied by a hypothesis (e.g. the intervention significantly improves health outcomes). Unlikely phenomenology, the experimental approach rarely involves exploratory or open-ended questions as it is a requirement that all variables (independent and dependent) are specified a priori. However, statements of hypotheses can be â€Å"two-tailed† whereby the precise relationship expected between two variables is left â€Å"open† (i.e. not specified). Design Phenomenological research is typically unstructured, with no specific ‘design’ or ‘format’. The researcher is at liberty to proceed as they see fit, merely ensuring that they conform to the basic tenets of philosophy, notably emphasising the first-person and targeting their conscious experience. The setting is usually realistic or naturalistic, so for example, no attempt is made to ‘remove’ the patient from their natural environment[1]. Experimental research is traditionally highly structured. There are specific designs available to the researcher, each with set parameters or protocols. Randomisation of subjects to conditions is critical, to minimise the counfounding effects of nuisance variables. Therefore it is essential to recruit a sample of individuals who serve as participants. They can either be exposed to all conditions of the experiment, leading to a within-groups design, or assigned to just one of the conditions, creating a between-gro ups design. Independent and dependent variables must be specified clearly, so that there is no uncertainty about the conditions being manipulated, the direction of causality, and outcome measures. The setting is typically artificial – for example a laboratory – with a low degree of realism. It is important to point out that some phenonemonological research assumes that conscious experience is a function of neurological activity in the brain, known as neurophenomenology. This overlap with physiological sciences means that an experimental design may be used to establish the authenticity of certain aspects of conscious experience (e.g. determining whether an experience of motor activity is accompanied by electrical activity in the appropriate regions of the brain). Data Collection Data is typically collected using one-to-one interviews between the researcher and the participant, rather similar to private sessions between a patient and their psychiatrist or psychotherapist. The interviews are typically open-ended, thereby letting things show themselves, to use Heidegger’s terms. Data collection in experimentation may involve one or more techniques including observational methods (participant and non-participant observation, role playing and simulation, the diary method, and naturalistic observation), interviews and surveys (psychometric tests, structured/semi-structured interviews, clinical method). Whatever technique is used, the goal is to generate quantitative data which would allow mathematical assessments of reliability and validity, and also statistical analysis. Reliability relates to the consistency of a participants responses, while validity indicates whether the appropriate phenomenon of interest is being measured in the first place. Questions in interviews and surveys are typically close-ended, so that the participant can only respond using a pre-determined range of options provided by the experimenter. Data Analysis The phenomenological method assumes first-person familiarity with the particular experience of interest to the researcher. Data analysis essentially entails description of a conscious experience exactly as it is lived by the participant and presented to the researcher, who does not interfere. The researcher may then attempt to interpret the experience from their particular phenomenological perspective. For example, hermeneutical phenomenologists, such as Heidegger, will try to make sense of the experience by placing it in a social and linguistic context (e.g. who else is involved, and how do the parties communicate). By contrast a naturalistic constitutive phenomenologist will relate the experience to nature, seeking out links with natural environment (e.g. climate, culture, ecology). Regardless of their area of phenomenology, it is essential for the researcher to analyse the type of experience presented, identifying any unique features for further investigation. More recently, data analysis may entail a logico-semantic approach that aims to identify the truth of an experience (e.g. â€Å"this disease can be cured†) and the conditions necessary to satisfy an intention (e.g. â€Å"I will feel better if I take my medicine†). Phenomenologists also use modern techniques for analysing qualitative data, such as thematic analysis, typologies, quotations, and so on. Data analysis in experimentation requires the use of statistical tests in order to establish the â€Å"significance† of any observed changes in the dependent variable, following manipulation of the independent variable. Usually, a ‘level of significance’ is set, depicting a specific probability (e.g. .05) that observed differences between groups or conditions occurred by chance. Typically, the probability of chance must be equal to or less than the chosen significance level in order for the test results to be regarded as significant. There is no attempt by the experimenter to â€Å"impose† any interpretation or subjective analysis on the data without the use of statistical tools, which introduce some mathematical objectivity. However, the likelihood of obtaining significant results is often affected by analytic and methodological considerations, such as the sample size and the sensitivity of the chosen statistical test. Furthermore, results that are statistically significant may nevertheless have little or no clinical significance, for example in terms of Quality Life Years, and morbidity and mortality rates. Table 1 Differences between phenomenological and experimental approaches (selected issues) Phenomenological Experimental Method Unstructured Structured Research Question Exploratory Hypothesis testing Perspective First-person Third-person Subject Matter Conscious experience Quantifiable phenomena Data Analysis Intuitive Statistical Setting Naturalistic Artificial Clinical Application Detailed insight Efficacy CLINICAL PRACTICE Phenomenological and experimental approaches both have an important role to play in clinical practice. Nevertheless, each method may offer very different perspectives on the same medical quandary, or may be more suited to certain problems rather than others. Consider the effectiveness of nurse-led thrombolysis on patients present at an Accidence Emergency unit with cardiac symptoms. A phenomenological approach would be suitable for obtaining detailed insights into nurses feelings about their effectiveness in administering the procedure, their confidence, doubts, anxieties, suspicions, resentments, and other feelings and beliefs that may explain their clinical competence or otherwise. This may provide managers and consultants with valued ideas about how to support nurses, hence improving service delivery. By contrast the experimental approach will be more amenable to establishing the clinical effectiveness of nurse-initiated thrombolysis, for example in terms of the percentage of fatalities and door-to-needle times. A E units could be randomly assigned to a condition in which nurses implement thrombolytic procedures, or a control condition in which the intervention is performed by busy consultants. Patient satisfaction rates and hospital delays could then be compared across both conditions using statistical procedures. Although phenomenology and experimentation approach the problem differently, findings from both paradigms will have some clinical benefit if service delivery is ultimately improved. BIBLIOGRAPHY Coolican, H. (1994) Research Methods and Statistics in Psychology. London: Hodder Stoughton. Moran, D. (2000) Introduction to Phenomenology. London and New York: Routledge. Smith, B. Smith, D.W. (eds.) (1995) The Cambridge Companion to Husserl Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Wikipedia (2006) Phenomenology [online]. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Available from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology/ [Accessed 22 July 2006]. Footnotes [1] Although in the interest of privacy researcher and patient may seek a quiet location that may be somewhat atypical of the subjects’ usual setting.

Loss of soldier identity Essay example -- Comparative, Erdrich, OBrie

The Vietnam War was not a â€Å"pretty† war. Soldiers were forced to fight guerilla troops, were in combat during horrible weather, had to live in dangerous jungles, and, worst of all, lost sight of who they were. Many soldiers may have entered with a sense of pride, but returned home desensitized. The protagonist in Louise Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† is testament to this. In the story, the protagonist is a young man full of life prior to the war, and is a mere shell of his former self after the war. The protagonists in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† and Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† are also gravely affected by war. The three characters must undergo traumatic experiences. Only those who fought in the Vietnam War understand what these men, both fictional and in real life, were subjected to. After the war, the protagonists of these stories must learn to deal with a war that was not fought with to wi n, rather to ensure the United States remained politically correct in handling the conflict. This in turn caused much more anguish and turmoil for the soldiers. While these three stories may have fictionalized events, they connect with factual events, even more so with the ramifications of war, whether psychological, morally emotional, or cultural. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and â€Å"Home Soil,† give readers a glimpse into the life of soldiers once home after the war, and how they never fully return, while â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† is a protest letter before joining the war. All three protagonists must live with the aftermath of the Vietnam War: the loss of their identity. Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† both give a strong interpretation of two distinct reactions. In their powerful words of fiction, th... ...ust deal with similar pains. Through the authors of these stories, we gain a better sense of what soldiers go through and the connection war has on the psyche of these men. While it is true, and known, that the Vietnam War was bloody and many soldiers died in vain, it is often forgotten what occurred to those who returned home. We overlook what became of those men and of the pain they, and their families, were left coping with. Some were left with physical scars, a constant reminder of a horrible time in their lives, while some were left with emotional, and mental, scarring. The universal fact found in all soldiers is the dramatic transformation they all undergo. No longer do any of these men have a chance to create their own identity, or continue with the aspirations they once held as young men. They become, and will forever be, soldiers of the Vietnam War. Loss of soldier identity Essay example -- Comparative, Erdrich, O'Brie The Vietnam War was not a â€Å"pretty† war. Soldiers were forced to fight guerilla troops, were in combat during horrible weather, had to live in dangerous jungles, and, worst of all, lost sight of who they were. Many soldiers may have entered with a sense of pride, but returned home desensitized. The protagonist in Louise Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† is testament to this. In the story, the protagonist is a young man full of life prior to the war, and is a mere shell of his former self after the war. The protagonists in Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† and Irene Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† are also gravely affected by war. The three characters must undergo traumatic experiences. Only those who fought in the Vietnam War understand what these men, both fictional and in real life, were subjected to. After the war, the protagonists of these stories must learn to deal with a war that was not fought with to wi n, rather to ensure the United States remained politically correct in handling the conflict. This in turn caused much more anguish and turmoil for the soldiers. While these three stories may have fictionalized events, they connect with factual events, even more so with the ramifications of war, whether psychological, morally emotional, or cultural. â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and â€Å"Home Soil,† give readers a glimpse into the life of soldiers once home after the war, and how they never fully return, while â€Å"If I Die in a Combat Zone,† is a protest letter before joining the war. All three protagonists must live with the aftermath of the Vietnam War: the loss of their identity. Erdrich’s â€Å"The Red Convertible,† and Zabytko’s â€Å"Home Soil,† both give a strong interpretation of two distinct reactions. In their powerful words of fiction, th... ...ust deal with similar pains. Through the authors of these stories, we gain a better sense of what soldiers go through and the connection war has on the psyche of these men. While it is true, and known, that the Vietnam War was bloody and many soldiers died in vain, it is often forgotten what occurred to those who returned home. We overlook what became of those men and of the pain they, and their families, were left coping with. Some were left with physical scars, a constant reminder of a horrible time in their lives, while some were left with emotional, and mental, scarring. The universal fact found in all soldiers is the dramatic transformation they all undergo. No longer do any of these men have a chance to create their own identity, or continue with the aspirations they once held as young men. They become, and will forever be, soldiers of the Vietnam War.

ABC Inc. Case Study Analysis Essay

Executive Summary ABC Inc. hired 15 new employees with the intention of starting the orientation on June 15. Carl has only six months experience and has made several critical errors. This may have been created due to lack of qualifications, training, or overstating of qualification on Carl’s resume. Due to this, certain tasks were not addressed in a timely manner. Four problems are readily apparent; employee applications are incomplete or missing documentation, lack of training manuals, no drug screenings have been administered, and the training room intended for the orientation is book for the entire month of June. See more: Homeless satire essay Introduction Carl Robins, a newly hired campus recruiter for ABC, Inc, hired 15 new employees within his first six months on the job. These newly hired employees will be working for Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor. The new employees require an orientation on company policy, manuals to learn such policies, physicals, and drug screening. Carl is behind on preparation for the orientation and has not completed the required processing for the new employees. Some of the new hires do not have completed applications or their transcripts on file, and none of them had the required drug screening. The orientation manuals were also missing pages and Carl could only locate a total of three. Carl also discovered the training room he was going to use for the orientation is booked for the entire month of June for software training. Now he needs to find somewhere else to hold the training sessions. Once all these tasks are completed, Carl needs to reassure his colleagues that future orientation for new hires will run smoother. He can do this by being more proactive, planning, analyzing his errors, and improving on the  identified weak areas. (University of Phoenix, 2006) Background Carl had sufficient time to complete all tasks required to prepare for the orientation, but exhibited poor planning, execution, and follow-through of his duties, which would appear he is either not qualified or trained properly to do his job effectively. The goal is to have new hires trained in time to start work in July. Carl is new at the job himself, and this is his first recruitment effort. This, however, is no excuse for not being prepared for the task at hand, especially knowing the importance for the company and making a good impression on the new hires. The main concern is that there are many problems and not much time to complete them. Carl will need to evaluate, prioritize, and find solutions to each issue quickly. Carl has many obstacles to overcome, but the July deadline is still a reachable goal. Key Problems Carl’s performance, leading to his failure, began when he did not think ahead in his process for new hires and the requirements of himself and the new employees for the company. Before Carl started recruiting these individuals he did not have a plan in place for after he met his goal of recruiting 15 new people for the company. His only focus and concern was getting the new hires in the door, and the rest was an afterthought. Some of the things he should have thought about were â€Å"What happens next after the recruits are hired?† Problem 1 – He did not take in consideration all of the elements involved with the hiring and training of the new hires; like making sure all documents were up-to-date prior to hiring. A company should not hire new employees without all required documents. If a company requires a complete application and transcripts upon the interview process, and this is not provided, the applicant should not be considered for hire or given the chance to complete prior to entering the hiring process. Proposed Solution – Ensure all documentation is complete prior to hiring. This will ensure all records are up-to-date before entering the training process. Therefore, leaving time to focus on scheduling the drug screening and reserving the training room. Problem 2 – Incomplete and not enough manuals required for training the new hires. Carl did not check the inventory of manuals needed for training prior to the hiring process. Proposed Solution – Once a hiring  goal is set Carl should have checked all manuals. If there were not enough needed and incomplete manuals, more should have been ordered/made prior to or once the interviews commenced. It is better to be prepared for the unexpected than not prepared for the expected. Problem 3 – Scheduling the required physical and drug screening. If any of the 15 new hires fail their screening then the company will not have the amount needed for July, thus requiring Carl to continue his hiring efforts putting him behind schedule even more. Proposed Solution – Each new hire should have been scheduled for their individual physical and drug screening immediately. Notify the new hire of their appointment time. Once the results come back, review, and if approved, notify the individual and add to their record. If not approved, notify the individual and continue the interview efforts to find qualified individuals. If this is done properly the chances of not meeting the July deadline would be minimal. Problem 4 – Not reserving training room for new hires orientation. He was not proactive in ensuring the training room was reserved. As it turned out, the room he intended on using was already booked for the rest of the month. Proposed Solution – Knowing the deadline for new hires to enter orientation, Carl should have immediately scheduled the training room. If the training room was already booked a possible alternative would be another conference room at the facility or renting a nearby hotel conference room. To avoid this issue in the future Carl should schedule the training room once the commence date is communicated to him or he needs to request this info from his supervisor immediately. Alternatives Numerous solutions exist in correcting the challenges in the time available. The case study states the Carl is required to have all new hires working by July with a hire date of June 15. Carl must contact Monica Carrols, the operations supervisor, to get a solid deadline for the new hires. Seeing that Carl completed the hiring of 15 new employees in early April, he had ample amount of time. He had anytime in July, up to and including the last day, to have the new hires ready for work. Carl will also need to contact all new hires, inform them of their incomplete application, missing transcripts, and drug screening appointments. Alternatively, Carl could contact the HR department for application review and follow-up actions. Ensuring each applicant understands the deadlines with a built in backup due  date for unexpected problems. Carl should also make HR aware of the deadlines prior to them contacting the new hires. The three training manuals on hand were incomplete and he was also short by 12. Carl needs to make arrangements with either an in-house reproduction center or outsource this task with an extra manual for Carl as an instructors copy. Carl appears to be deficient in his working knowledge pertaining to the company policies, procedures, and formal norms, which means he must become intimately familiar with the material in the orientation manual prior to training. Further, Carl needs to coordinate for training space. This challenge is effortlessly completed by checking for available conference rooms within his company or renting convention or conference room space close to the corporate location. Additionally, corporate management need to design a system for checking and reserving training/conference rooms, web based, or paper based with a point of contact to coordinate scheduling. An additional option could be to create a permanent schedule for new employee orientation training, thus ensuring proper resources are allocated appropriately. Moreover, root cause analysis from company standpoint will need investigation and corrective measures enacted; whether the problems stem from management, employee screening of qualif ications, training, and revision of policies as well as any combination of the previous mentioned problems. Recommendations Execute proposed solution with an additional task for corporate managers and supervisors to meet and determine root-cause analysis using the company Process Improvement Program and implement proposed improvements. References University of Phoenix. (2012) Week Two supplement, Case Study for Student Analysis. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, COMM215 Essential of College Writing. University of Phoenix. (2012) Week Two supplement, Sample Short Report Case Study Format. Retrieved July 15, 2012, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, COMM215 Essential of College Writing.

The Post War Period Of Italy - 1847 Words

The post war period in Italy represents a time of cultural, economic and political instability, as the nation tried to re-create the social bonds broken by the war and attempted to understand, and take advantage of, the effects of mass industrialisation and urbanisation thanks to the ‘economic miracle’. It was during this time from 1945 to 1960, with the people increasingly disenchanted with the ability of the camera to truly portray the turmoil of recent history, that a new form of popular, neorealist cinema emerged to reflect social reality and â€Å"expand the viewer’s moral, cultural and geographic perspectives†. This instability and new cinematographic outlook was the backdrop for two pertinent Italian films: Rossellini’s Roma Città   Aperta, an authentic depiction of the daily lives of Italians in Nazi occupied Rome, and Visconti’s Rocco e i Suoi Fratelli, the journey of one Southern Italian family as they migrate to the North during th e economic boom in search of prosperity. 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